Original Article

Mechanical characterization, finite element modeling and stiffness optimization of jute, glass and hybrid fiber rienforced composites

Laboratory of Intelligent Systems, Industrial and Mechanical Engineering (LISIME)ENSAM, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco

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Received: 17 March 2025
Accepted: 12 August 2025

Abstract

This study investigates the mechanical behaviour of laminated composite structures under static loading. Three types of composites were analyzed: a glass fiber-reinforced composite, a jute fiber-reinforced composite, and a hybrid composite combining both fibers. The specimens, fabricated following a specific stacking sequence [0/45/90/−45/0], were evaluated in terms of strain to failure, Young’s modulus, and tensile strength. A finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted to model their tensile behavior without considering damage. The results indicate that the hybrid composite exhibits superior performance due to the synergistic interaction between the fibers. It shows a 4.65% increase in strain capacity compared to the glass fiber composite and a tensile strength 56.6% higher than that of the jute fiber composite. Failure mode analysis revealed matrix cracking, fiber breakage, and delamination. Hardness tests were conducted to assess the composites’ resistance to wear. An optimization approach using a genetic algorithm identified the optimal stacking sequences to enhance composite stiffness. The findings highlight the potential of hybrid composites in balancing mechanical performance and sustainability, paving the way for new industrial applications.