Table 4
Comparison of the Bayer and Pedersen process [40].
| Parameter | Bayer Process | Pedersen Process |
|---|---|---|
| Overall process characteristic | Hydrometallurgical | Pyrometallurgical Hydrometallurgical |
| Ore type | High Al2O3:Fe2O3 ratio | Low Al2O3:Fe2O3 ratio |
| Main byproducts | Red mud (not consumable) | Pig iron (consumable) Grey mud (consumable) |
| Leaching conditions | Digestion by NaOH 150–250 °C High pressure |
Digestion by Na2CO3 40–80 °C Atmospheric pressure |
| Al(OH)3 precipitation | 45–80 °C; 48–70 h | 70–80 °C; 6–10 h |
| Electric energy consumption | Reference process | 10% higher |
| Using ores rich in TiO2 and SiO2 | Reference process | More flexible |
| Raw materials costs | Reference process | Higher (∼ 40% in average) |
| Process costs per unit mass of Alumina | Reference process | 30–50% lower6 |
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